应用生态位模型研究外来入侵物种生态位漂移
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国家“973”资助项目(2002CB111400);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD08A15)


Application of ecologic niche models in explanation of niche shift of invasive alien species
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    摘要:

    由于基础生态位和实际生态位的改变,外来入侵物种在入侵地成功定殖、扩散后常会发生生态位漂移,而物种生态位漂移往往很难直接证明。生态位模型在假设入侵物种的生态位需求保守的前提下,以物种在其原产地的生态位需求为基础,预测其在入侵地的潜在分布,通过比较预测分布与实际分布的差异可以从一定程度上得到外来入侵物种的生态位是否发生漂移的间接证据。以我国入侵杂草胜红蓟在原产地的生态位需求为基础,应用生态位模型预测其在其他地区的潜在分布。研究结果表明,生态位模型可以很好地预测胜红蓟在亚太平洋地区和非洲地区的分布,但在我国,其预测分布与实际分布存在较大差别。胜红蓟在我国预测分布主要为云南、海南、台湾部分地区,而胜红蓟入侵我国后现已广泛分布于长江以南地区,其实际分布比预测分布广泛得多,由此推测胜红蓟在入侵我国后其生态位已经产生了漂移。

    Abstract:

    Due to the change of the fundamental and realized niche, an invasive alien species (IAS) often shifts niches after it has established successfully and spread widely at the invaded region. Usually the direct evidence of the niche shift is difficult to achieve. The ecological niche models (ENMs) can be employed to predict the potential distribution of an invasive species in the invaded area based on the niche requirement of the species in its origin areas, given that its niche conserved when invaded in another region. Some indirect evidences of niche shift during biological invasion were found by comparing the difference between predicted and actual distribution in the invaded areas. The potential distribution of Ageratum conyzoides, a regional serious invaded weed in China, is predicted in non-native regions based on the niches require in its origin area using ENMs. The previous results showed that the distribution of A.conyzoides in non-native regions such as Asia-pacific region and Africa region could be well predicted by using ENMs, but there was a remarkable difference between predicted and actual distribution in China. A.conyzoides occurs widely in the south area of Yangzhi River, but the potential distribution of A.conyzoides predicted by ENMs only focuses in a small areas such as Yunan, Hainan and Taiwan provinces. The result of these investigations suggests that the climate niche of A.conyzoides has shifted after it invaded to China.

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王运生,谢丙炎*,万方浩,肖启明,戴良英.应用生态位模型研究外来入侵物种生态位漂移.生态学报,2008,28(10):4974~4981

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