Monitoring plays a crucial role in managing natural resources to ensure sustainable use. In some western developed countries, it has become essential to conserve threatened species or biodiversity. But in China, long-term monitoring of large mammal species has not been often conducted, and reports on wild animal population trends through regular monitoring are especially rare. The Foping National Nature Reserve is an exception, where regular monitoring of wildlife populations (for example, for the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and their inhabited habitats were carried out since middle 90s last century. Based on 2000-2006 monitoring data collected by the staff in Foping Nature Reserve, we preliminarily analyzed population dynamics of ungulates (not including Budorcas taxicolor), and made a comparison of their selected habitat factors. The results indicated that these ungulates were not distributed equally in different ranges of the reserve, with the highest trace density in Sanguanmiao range and the lowest in Longtan range. The trace density totally exhibited a gradually decrease trend since 2001, perhaps implying the corresponding decreases in ungulate resources. Among the selected five ungulates, most exhibited a distinct utilization pattern in environmental factors (e.g. elevation and slope), contributing to their coexistence in sympatry. We made a further discussion about selection of monitored objects and methods for biodiversity conservation in the end, and recommended that the methods selected in Foping Nature Reserve were basically feasible and effective.