Researches were carried out in the Tsuga tchekiangensis community of the Jiulongshan National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province. Using methods of permanent plots and technique of censusing every individual, we indentified and measured all trees in quadrats established in the community to quantify the community structure characteristics. The species diversity of tree and shrub layers were analyzed by using Shannon-Wiener index (H′), Simpson index (D), and Pielou evenness index (Jsw). Based on the DBH class frequency distribution patterns, the population age structure of the different tree species were categorized into five regeneration types: Unimodal, Sporadic, Bimodal, Pyramid and Unibar type. According to the biological and ecological characteristics, the population regeneration types of every species were then discussed. At the same time, the diagnosis of succession stage of this community was also carried out, results were obtained. (1) The vegetation and its flora obviously had transitional characteristics and presented the transitional characteristics from tropical area to temperate area. The community was comprised of 24 tree species with 3 co-dominant species: Rhododendron simiarum, Tsuga tchekiangensis and Schima superba. (2) The tendency of the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou uniformity index were similar, and the intensity of these indexes for the shrub layer was bigger than that of the tree layer. In tree layer, the species diversity of the upper layer was the biggest. (3) Unimodal type species, such as Toxicodendron succedaneum, Liquidamber formosana, Liriodendron chinense etc., were shade intolerant, pioneer species or long-lived pioneer emergent trees which only regenerated on the bare ground following severe disturbances or in very large canopy gaps. Moreover, these species would disappear finally in the relatively stable community that at later succession stage. Sporadic type species, such as Rhododendron simiarum, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis multiervis etc., were late seral stage species that could regenerate in large gaps and had intermediate shade-tolerance between the pioneer species and dominant species of climax community. Bimodal type species Rhododendron latoucheae was climax community species that had shade-tolerance. Pyramid type species, such as Temstroemia gymnanthe, Eurya muricata, Pieris japonica etc., and Unibar type species, such as Cinnamomum chekiangense, Camellia cuspidata, Ardisia crenata var. crenata etc., were the dominant species in the upper tree layer and shrub layer of the climax community. (4) Succession stage analysis showed that the Tsuga tchekiangensis community in the Jiulongshan, Zhejiang was still at its early stage, and would develop toward the community climax with the dominant species of Bimodal. Based on the analysis above, protection measures were proposed. In allusion to the biological characteristics of different Tsuga tchekiangensis populations, in site conservation should be taken as the most important management countermeasure for the forest in the future. Intermediate selective cutting of the other species such as Rhododendron simiarum, Schima superba and Rhododendron latoucheae in the tree layer should be done. The original environment should be conserved and the shrub species in the stand should be thinned so as to create a good condition for Tsuga tchekiangensis populations to regenerate and develop.