Previous studies have obtained a general conclusion that soil fauna is an important component in the eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis) plantation and plays a crucial role in mass cycle and energy transfer. However, the structure and function of soil fauna is influenced by soil moisture and temperature caused by human disturbance. As yet, little information is available on the response of soil fauna to harvesting disturbance in the eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis) plantation. Therefore, an investigation on soil fauna was carried out in the eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis) plantation which was planted in 1997 and harvested in August 2006 in order to obtain an understanding of the response of soil animal community to harvesting disturbance and evaluate the ecology effect of the eucalypt plantation. Soil macro-fauna were picked up by hand. Nematodes and mesofauna were separated and collected from the soil samples by Baermann and Tullgren methods, respectively. 4775 individuals of soil fauna, belonging to 4 phyla, 11 classes and 27 orders were collected before cutting disturbance and a total of 4640 individuals of soil fauna, belonging to 4 phyla, 10 classes and 23 orders were collected after cutting disturbance. Individuals and groups of soil fauna represented the same trend before cutting during the 4 seasons. After cutting disturbance, the ranked order of individuals of soil fauna was autumn > spring > winter > summer, and that of groups was autumn > spring > winter > summer. Soil fauna density decreased with the decrease of soil organic matter content. Cutting led to the decline of soil fauna density in each litter layer in the corresponding season in comparison with that before cutting. The composition of soil animal community in the 0-5 cm soil layer was significantly influenced by cutting in comparison with that in 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm soil layers resulting from more significant hydrothermal fluctuation in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Fluctuations on the common and rare groups also were easier affected by cutting disturbance in comparison with the dominant group. Omnivores and saprozoic soil fauna were the main guilds in the eucalypt plantation regardless of the cutting, and two guilds accounted for more than 90% of the total except in summer. The density-group index (DG) and diversity index (H′) had same trends, but which had the opposite trend compared with the results before cutting disturbance, indicating that harvesting disturbance has given a significant effect on the structure of soil fauna in the eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis) plantation.