The rhizosphere microorganisms play very important roles in nutrient and water metabolism, disease resistance, growth and development of plants. An investigation on microbe diversity in the rhizosphere of Cerasus plants was carried out at the Fruit Experiment Station of Shenyang Agricultural University. The population, population composition, Shannom-Weiener index (H), richness index of genera(S), Pielou evenness index (J) and Simpson index (D) of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the rhizosphere of Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. (Cs)、Cerasus pseudocerasus L.(Cp)、Cerasus mahaleb L.(Cm)、Cerasus avium L.×Cerasus pseudocerasus Kom. (Cap)、Cerasus avium L (Ca) with various growth stages were determined with dilution plate separation and the physiological biochemical characteristic identification methods. This study showed that bacteria isolated belonged to 18 genus, among which bacillus, pseudomonas, flavobacterium were the dominant ones. Albosporus, hygroscopicus and flavus were the main dominant streptomyces in twelve groups of actinomyces. Fungi was composed of 6 genus, and penicillium was the dominate ones. Diversity index (H), richness index of genera(S), evenness index (J) and dominant index (D) of cherry rhizosphere microbe varied with cherry varieties, and diversity index and richness index of genera of bacteria followed a pattern of Ca＞Cs＞Cp＞Cm＞Cap, while actionmyces followed a pattern of Ca＞Cp＞Cs＞Cm＞Cap, and fungi followed a pattern of Cm＞Ca＞Cp＞Cs＞Cap. The rhizosphere microbe composition and population changed with the growth stage, the species number and population of microbes were more at the fast growing stage of shoots in five Cerasus plants, and at withholding growing stage of shoots of Cap, while less at defoliation stage.