The environment of Three Gorges Reservoir region has been greatly influenced by the Three Gorges project. Data of biomass and productivity in Three Gorges Reservoir region has important implications for understanding the environmental effects on vegetation. We estimated the biomass and productivity of vegetation in the Three Gorges Reservoir region using data collected from 108 temporary plots and the sixth forests inventory of China. The total biomass and annual productivity in the region is 1.17×108t and 1.77×107t, accounting for 0.91% and 3.62% of the whole country data, respectively. Masson′s pine forests had the largest biomass (4.14×107t), and the evergreen broad-leaved forests showed the highest average biomass per unit area (85.60t hm-2). Bamboo forests presented the greatest NPP(10.10t a-1 hm-2), and Cypress forests the lowest (4.21t a-1 hm-2). The average biomass per unit area and NPP decreased from west to east, and from north to south, but did not changed with longitude and latitude. The average biomass of vegetation increased with increasing elevation till up to 1500-1800 m a.s.l., where the average biomass reached the maximum value of 59.05 t hm-2. Thereafter it decreased sharply with increasing elevation. The NPP showed a double-hump curve with elevation. It decreased with elevation from 300 to 600 m a.l, then increased till up to 900-1200 m (7.07 t a-1 hm-2), and thereafter decreased again. The total biomass and productivity within 300-1500 m was 8.15×107t and 10.38×106t a-1, accounted for 83.58% and 83.83% of the whole area data, respectively.