A total of 15 surface soil samples and additional 7 pollen trap samples form middle (Guangdi Mts.) and northern (Luya Mts.) sections of Luliang Mountains, Shanxi Province,were palynologically analyzed. The pollen percentage and influx results show that: (1)Major pollen types in most samples reflect dominant members of the local plant communities. (2)In both surface and trap samples, pollen assemblages show significant difference between Guandi Mountains and Luya Mountains: in most of Luya Mountains, non-arboreal pollen grains exceeds 50% of the total pollen sum and the pollen influx averaged for all the sites is 2.7×104 grains/(cm2?a). In Guandi Mountains, however,arboreal pollen becomes dominant (＞50%) NAP percentages drops down to less than 30%.The average pollen influx reached 5.8×104 grains/(cm2?a):(3)The percentages of Pinus, Picea and Artermisia are higher in surface soil samples than that in pollen trap samples, indicating their higher preservation potential in soil. However the percentages of Larix Betula and Quercus are lower in surface soil than in pollen traps suggesting their relatively lower preservation potential in soil. (4) Both Cluster analysis (CLA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) show similar results with temperature as the important environmental factors to control pollen assemblages.