To study the mechanisms of formation of spatial distribution patterns and variations of Quercus liaotungensis populations, Q. liaotungensis populations in different community types were analyzed in five sampling scales (2m×2m,3m×3m,4m×4m,5m×5m and 10m×10m) using David and Moore’s index, Lloyd’s index,Morisita index and the methods by comparing mean square and block size. The results indicated that the distribution pattern of Q. liaotungensis population was determined by its biological characteristics and the microenvironment in communities. Under similar climate and site conditions, the spatial distribution pattern was significantly correlated both with microsite associated with microtopography and the ability of re-sprouting of stumps. The effects of the population characteristics on the patterns were represented mainly in the composition and structure of the community. The spatial distribution of Q. liaotungensis in a given population was also determined by other co-dominant species For example, under the canopy of Pinus tabulaeformis only few individuals of Q. liaotungensis could be found. But a dense Q. liaotungensis cover could be found around a Q. liaotungensis mother tree. The present study found that Q. liaotungensis populations show clumped distribution patterns in early succession stages and random patterns in later succession stages in different communities.