丹霞地貌沟谷生态效应
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中国丹霞地貌申遗科研基金资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目(30670385);中山大学张宏达科学研究基金资助项目


The ecological ravine effects of Danxia Landform
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    摘要:

    以广东省丹霞山为研究实例,探讨丹霞地貌特殊的沟谷生态效应。结果表明,丹霞地貌的特殊沟谷生态效应体现在以下两个方面:第一是丹霞地貌演变过程中形成了众多石峰隆起和沟谷凹陷,特殊的地貌环境使得沟谷中的生态因子与其它非丹霞地貌开阔区域产生差异,小气候相对封闭,水湿条件极好,为喜高温高湿的热带物种提供了较好的生存环境;沟谷所处位置的地理环境,如四周崖壁的光滑程度会影响到太阳光反射到沟谷的光强,这些都会对沟谷中的温湿度产生影响。第二是丹霞地貌特殊的生态条件,为沟谷地带孕育出一批热带性较强的分类群提供了可能,与相近纬度的诸多植被相比,丹霞地貌植物区系热带性明显增强,热带分布区类型所占比重比同纬度区域要大10%以上,大多数沟谷中热带性物种分布现象比较明显,藤本分布较多,蕨类植物也较丰富,耐水湿的植物区系发育良好;这实际上造成了植物水平分布上的移位,使中亚热带区域中分布有南亚热带甚至热带区域的物种,出现了由于其特殊的沟谷地貌效应而形成的与其地貌条件保持协调和平衡的演替顶级群落类型,称为地貌顶级群落。

    Abstract:

    Danxia Mountain in Guangdong Province was investigated to inquire into the special ecological effects in ravines of Danxia Landform. The results showed that its geomorphologic ecological effects can be manifested in the following two aspects. Firstly, multitudinous ridgy stone peaks and hollow ravines were shaped in the forming process of Danxia Landform. Ecological factors were different between its ravines and other open regions. Relatively close microclimate and high moisture condition in ravines could provide suitable living environment for the tropical species which preferred to hot and humid environment. Ravine geomorphologic environment, like smooth degree of surrounding cliffs, would affect light intensity reflecting into ravines. All the aspects had influence on the temperature and humidity in ravines. Secondly, the special ravine ecological effects in Danxia Landform provided possibility for gestating a group of taxa with greater tropical characteristics. There tropical plant flora was markedly increased in compare with other vegetations on similar latitude. Tropical plant distributions were obvious in most ravines of Danxia Landform. Its proportion was 10% more than that of other regions on the similar latitude. The ravines in Danxia Landform were rich in liana, ferns and other high waterlogging resistance plants. Collectively the phenomena that some typical species in south subtropics appeared in midsubtropics revealed latitudinal shift of plant distribution. This kind of climax communities, which were coordinated and balanceable with their geomorphologic environments due to the special ravine ecological effects in Danxia Landform, could be called geoclimax communities.

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彭少麟,李富荣,周婷,陈磊夫,陈宝明,彭华.丹霞地貌沟谷生态效应.生态学报,2008,28(7):2947~2953

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