Monimopetalum chinense, an endemic species in China, is a semi-evergreen woody liana species with a small geographic distribution. Now it has been listed as one of the Chinese national second protective wild plants. This study was carried out in Zongli County of Anhui Province, Guniujiang Nature Reserve of Anhui Province, Jing′an County of Jiangxi Province and Tongshan County of Hubei Province. To describe the distribution pattern and influence factors of its populations, 13 plots were investigated using the method of box-counting dimension. The results were as the following: (1) Fractal properties of M. chinense populations were significantly different among the different communities, and those in the same communities were also different, but not remarkable. The analysis showed that its ecological status in the forests and the habitat heterogeneity might be the mine reasons. (2) The ranking order of spatial occupation degree was as the following: Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (1.911±0.025) > Spinney forest (1.806±0.079) > Pinus massoniana forest (1.692±0.054) > Phyllostachys edulis forest (1.629±0.081). High density of infant seeding caused high box-counting dimension, otherwise box-counting dimension would be low. (3) The ranking order of scale of inflexion point was as the following: P. edulis forest (4.111 m±0.484 m) > P. massoniana forest (3.778 m±0.222 m) > Spinney forest (2.857 m) > C. lanceolata forest (2.013 m±0.117 m), which was quite different to that of box-counting dimensions. There was no close correlation between the scale of inflexion point and mean crown width of tree layer by the linear regression analysis, and population regeneration conditions, mean crown width of tree layer and habitat heterogeneity were all factors of the scale of inflexion point. (4) The analysis above showed that vegetative propagation of M. chinense had an important influence on box-counting dimension and scale of inflexion, in which clone propagation played a key role.