Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inhabit in various terrestrial ecosystems and play important roles in key ecological processes, including nutrient cycling, conservation of soil structure, and enhancement of nitrogen fixation from rhizobia. In many of these processes, AM fungi interact with a wide variety of living organisms. Interactions, especially the synergism between AM fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) not only influence the absorption and utilization of minerals by plants, occurrence and development of plant pathogens, soil physical and chemical properties, and bioremediation, but are of importance in agricultural, forest and pasture production, and ecosystem stabilization. To acquire more beneficial effects, a wide investigation on effective combinations of AM fungi and PGPR was carried out. The aim of this paper was to discuss the effects and mechanisms of interactions between AM fungi and PGPR. Future study perspectives were also given.