Soil microorganisms and enzymes are main components of soil biochemical properties. They play an important role in nutrient transformation and decomposition of crop residues. Application of different forms of nitrogen is an important measure to regulate nitrogen metabolism of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In order to understand the effects of nitrogen forms on rhizosphere microbial populations and soil enzyme activity under cultivation of contrasting wheat cultivars with specialized end-uses from booting stage to grain filling period, pot experiments were carried out on a sandy loam at the Experimental Farm of Henan Agricultural University during 2004-2006. The soil contained 9.1 g•kg-1 organic matter, 090 g•kg-1 total N, 22.68 mg•kg-1 olsen-P and 0.23 g•kg-1 NH4OAc-K. Each pot (30cm in diameter and 40 cm in height) was filled with 20 kg of sieved soil. Cultivars used in the study were: Yumai 34′ (a strong gluten cultivar), Yumai 49′ (medium gluten) and Yumai 50′ (weak gluten). Nitrogen forms were CO(NH2)2-N, NH+4-N as NH4HCO3 and NO-3-N as NaNO3. Nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) was applied to each pot. Prior to sowing, each pot received 306 g N, 2.9 g P2O5 and 3.3 gK2O, and additional 2.04 g N was also applied to each pot during the elongation stage. Seven plants from each pot were selected when plants had five leaves. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with ten replications, and all pots were managed in the same way. Rhizosphere soil samples in a depth of 5-20 cm for each treatment were taken at booting, flowering and ripening stage of wheat, respectively. Samples were fully mixed, put into sterile bags and transported to the lab as quickly as possible. Part of soil sample was sieved through a 1 mm screen for analysis of microbial quantity, and part was air-dried for determination of soil enzyme activities, including urease, protease and nitrate reductase with sodium phenoxide colorimetry, ninhydrin colorimetry and 2,4-D restraining, respectively. This study showed that the quantity of microorganisms, activity of enzymes and pH in rhizosphere soils planted with contrasting wheat cultivars for specialized end-uses responded differently to nitrogen forms. The quantity of fungi, bacteria（with the exception of ripening stage of wheat）and actinomyces were the highest for wheat cultivar ‘Yumai 34’ received NO-3-N. while for cultivar ‘Yumai 49’, bacteria and actinomyces in rhizosphere soil were promoted greatly by NH+4-N, fungi populations were stimulated by CO(NH2)2-N in booting and flowering stages and by NO-3-N during grain filling. When NO-3-N was applied to wheat cultivar Yumai 50′, the quantity of fungi, bacteria and actinomyces in rhizosphere soil were increased greatly. The activity of urease, protease and nitrate reductase in rhizosphere soil of all three wheat cultivars were stimulated by CO(NH2)2-N, NH+4-N and NO-3-N, respectively, and pH were the highest in NO-3-N treatments.