The fast development of urbanization has brought the huge ecological pressure and serious environmentally pollution by changing nitrogen flux pattern. This article studied the nitrogen flux characteristics in food consumption system of household between the rural and the urban inhabitants of China in 1982,1992,2002 and explored the influence of urbanization on nitrogen flux and utilization by recycling through the material flow analysis method.The results showed that the average nitrogen consumption per capita of urban inhabitants in 2002 was 4.770kg, which was higher 10% than that of the rural inhabitants (4.314kg). From 1982 to 2002, nitrogen consumption with food by the urban inhabitants was increased by 145.3%, but reduced by 8.1% by the rural. With urbanization in china as meantime, the nitrogen dispersed into the water body from urban households in 2002 was increased by 18.4 times as much as that in 1982. In 1982, the difference in nitrogen recirculation ratio between urban and rural household was not big and both ratio were above 50%, but in 2002, nitrogen recirculation ratio in urban reduced to 13.0%, which was lower 40 percentage points compared to that of the rural. It was indicated that the nitrogen utilization by recycling would decrease significantly with increase of the urbanization ratio and the change of lifestyle.
The scenario analysis showed that nitrogen consumption in 2010 will be increased by 37.6%(net increase of 1.423 million tons) through plant produce,and by 27.1%(net increase of 538000 tons) through animal husbandry over 2002,if food constitute for chinese reaches the standard issured by National Nutrition Council. At same time, the nitrogen in urban waste and garbage in 2010 will increase by 1.26 million tons, compared to 2002. Therefore, the fast development of urbanization can not only results in large scale increase of nitrogen flux and environmental emissions, but also lead the huge pressure to the animal and crop production.