似Allee效应对2-物种集合种群竞争动态的影响
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Q145

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Competitive dynamics of two-metaspecies subject to the Allee-like effect
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    摘要:

    集合种群具有与局域种群Allee效应相似的现象被称为似Allee效应。将似Allee效应引入2-竞争物种集合种群系统,建立了具有似Allee效应的2-物种集合种群演化动态模型。大量的数值模拟表明:(1)似Allee效应导致集合种群水平上两竞争物种构成的系统具有多个平衡态;(2)似Allee效应使竞争共存物种无法续存甚至全部灭绝,即使种群具有很高的初始斑块占有率,并且最终平衡态随初始斑块占有率变化而改变;(3)似Allee效应可能使竞争排斥物种共同灭绝,且效应越强,物种存活时间越短;但似Allee效应不会增强强物种对弱物种的排斥强度,反而可能使强物种变为弱物种,弱物种变为强物种,其具有与栖息地毁坏类似的影响种群竞争等级排序的作用;(4)似Allee效应对竞争集合种群续存是一个不稳定的干扰因素,微小的变化都将引起系统平衡态的剧变。但对于已经达到平衡态的集合种群系统,似Allee效应对强弱种群多度起到调节与制约的作用,有助于平衡态集合种群的稳定与共存,这一结论更完整的揭示了似Allee效应在竞争集合种群系统发展的不同阶段所起的不同作用。以上这些结论对物种保护及集合群落的管理具有重要的指导意义。

    Abstract:

    The Allee-like effect in metapopulation is similar to local population subject to the Allee effect. It is introduced into the two-competitive metaspecies system to establish a two-metaspecies dynamic model subject to the Allee-like effect. Numerical simulation results show that: (1) The Allee-like effect could lead to multiple stable states in the two-metaspecies competitive system. (2) It causes the coexistence impossible and even extinction of both species. Ultimate equilibrium will be changed with initial patch occupancies. (3) With competitive exclusion, the Allee-like effect could cause all species to go extinction. The stronger the Allee-like effect is, the shorter the species′ survival period will be. It degrades the superior species to be inferior and upgrades the inferior superior, similar in habitat destruction affecting the species ecological order. (4) As a destabilizing factor in stability and in metaspecies persistence in the evolvement, it will significantly affect the equilibrium even if it is slightly changed. As to a stable system, the Allee-like effect regulates the abundance of both metaspecies instead of reducing their equilibrium values, which reveals its influence on competitive metaspecies′ dynamics varies in different periods. The above conclusions mean a great deal to species conservation and metacommunity management.

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陈玲玲,林振山,陈成忠,梁仁君.似Allee效应对2-物种集合种群竞争动态的影响.生态学报,2008,28(2):645~655

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