In this paper, we used Leymus chinensis steppe in 1981 as a reference ecosystem and established an index for assessing environmental conditions of steppe. Then, based on the key ecological process of plant- soil- atmosphere interface, the synthetical CVOR model is established to assess ecosystem health of typical steppe, with regarding of community characteristics, degradation succession and also the restriction function of the precipitation in the typical steppe ecosystem. The feasibility of CVOR model was tested by analyzing the influence of grazing pressure and fencing protection on the health of typical steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. The CVOR model could be used as a synthetic, simple, accurate and suitable method for grassland ecosystem health assessment and management.