A study was conducted to determine the habitat features and water quality of the streams in different landscapes in Korean pine old-growth forest (Liangshui National Reserve), second growth forest and cropland (Maoershan National Park), Heilongjiang, China. The suspending algae, periphyton algae, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, NH+4-N, NO-3-N, PO3-4-P, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total dissolved in organic nitrogen (TDIN), fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) of the streams were measured for evaluation of water quality. Results showed that the habitat feature of stream in old growth forest was better than that of stream in second growth forest, while the habitat status of stream in cropland land was worst. Stream in old growth forest was found with more stable streambed substrate for invertebrates and characterized by evenly positioned pools and riffles, greater variation of pool size, less disturbance of streambed sedimentation, more sinuous stream channels, and stable riparian area with greater vegetation coverage. Stream in second growth forest was dominated by riffles, with less stable streambed substrate, easily influenced by sedimentation and its riparian area was relatively stable but frequently disturbed by human activities. Stream in cropland had unstable streambed substrate, heavily affected by sedimentation, high channelization and devegetated riparian area. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in TP, DO, turbidity, temperature and N/P ratio between the streams under different land uses. The concentrations of NH+4, DO, TP, TN and suspended algae as well as pH were higher, quantity of periphyton algae was larger, temperature was lower, and the amounts of FPOM and CPOM were greater in the stream of old growth forest than in the streams of second growth forest and cropland. Comparatively, stream at second growth forest had higher concentrations of NO-3 and TDIN, bigger N/P ratio, with lower turbidity, while the stream at cropland had higher concentration of PO3-4-P, lower concentration of DO and less quantity of periphyton algae, with greater turbidity, higher temperature and lower pH. The study indicated that land use in landscape scale profoundly determine the in-stream habitat and the water quality as well.