The present paper investigated the population densities and the survival strategies of plateau pika and plateau zokor, and the predation risks induced by their major natural enemies in the Alpine Meadow Ecosystem. The results showed that the population densities of the pika and the zokor were 4.97 ind./hm² and 10.6 ind./hm², respectively, while the densities of the natural enemies were 0.16 ind./100hm² for red fox, 0.37 ind./100hm² for steppe polecat and 3.00ind./100hm² for alpine weasel. We observed that the polecat and weasel mainly captured pika and zokor by searching the burrows, while the red fox hunted pika on the ground and captured zokor by digging the mounds. The examination of diet composition and feeding intensities showed that the pika constituted 100%, 96.1% and 100% of the food of red fox, polecat and weasel, respectively, and the zokor constituted 87.5%, 73.2% and 0%. The average feeding intensities of the natural enemies included 0.703% of pika and 0.038% of zokor and the predation risks of pika and zokor were 0.780 and 0.393, indicating that the pika has higher predation risk than zokor. The survival strategies of pika are to increase the fitness by unique behavior and reproductive rate, while the strategies of zokor are to enhance the fitness by sealing burrow system and survival rate.