To date, total of 2854 species of organisms were recorded in Chinese mangrove wetlands, including 136 species of fungi, 13 species of actinobacteria, 7 species of bacteria, 441 species of microalgae, 55 species of macroalgae, 37 species of vascular plants, 109 species of zooplankton, 873 species of macrobenthos, 258 species of nektons, 434 species of insects, 31 species of spiders, 13 species of amphibians, 39 species of reptiles, 421 species of birds and 28 species of mammals. Among them, 8 species belonged to the category 1 of Chinese national protected animals and 75 species belonged to the category 2. Chinese mangrove wetlands are very important bases for the conservation and development of the endangered species to China, and playing a critical role in the international activities for protecting the migrating birds. The species abundance in Chinese mangrove wetlands was 1766 times as much as that for the averaged species abundance in Chinese sea fields. The prolific species diversity in Chinese mangrove wetlands can be attributed to their high primary productivity, high diversity in their consumers’ food preferences, high spatial heterogeneity at macroscopical and microscopic scale levels, and their dynamic temporal sequence in habitat utilization.