City is a kind of complex ecosystem, which is composed of social, economic, environmental and cultural factors. How to achieve a sustainable development is an important problem for most cities in the world. Sustainable development indexing system and the related evaluation methods can largely support urban ecological planning, construction and management. Taking the Jining city, Shandong Province as the case study, the research set up a sustainable development index system. The system consists of 45 indicators of Jining including economic development, ecological construction, environment protection and social progress. The construction effectiveness are evaluated at different urban development phases using Full Permutation Polygon Synthesis Index method. The research results indicate that the complex index of sustainable development of Jining city is 0.24 in 2004, which belongs to class IV. It will reach to 0.45 in 2007, and 0.62 in 2010, and 0.84 in 2020. Accordingly, the sustainable development ability will be improved from class IV to class I. The Full Permutation Polygon Synthesis Index method is comprehensive and straightforward. It can be a reference for decision-making of urban sustainable development.