Constructed wetland (CW) is unique soil-plant-microbe-system, CW can be divided into free surface CW (FWS) and subsurface flow CW (SFW) according to various water flow direction. FWS has low investment but large land consumption, and need unique consideration in winter for its operation. SFW have better temperature and water maintain capability, better sanitary condition, but high investment and high risk of clogging. SFW is divided into horizontal SF (HF) and vertical SF (VF). HF bed has weak oxygen supply, is suitable for SS and BOD removal, but not for ammonia removal. VF bed has sound oxygen supply, is suitable for nitrification and BOD removal, but not for SS. VF has high construction fee and is easy for clogging. FWS is divided into floating helophyte CW, submerged helophyte CW and emerged helophyte CW. Agricultural runoff (AR) has relative sophisticated composition, which mainly including agricultural discharge, irrigation residual water, village wastewater, poultry and animal wastewater and some rain-water runoff. Source of AR own characteristics of widespread distribution, large quantity, dispersion, intermittent peak value and high inorganic deposition load. Lots of rural in China have weak economic foundation and low management level. Some lands in the rural, including low land, low-producing farmland and public land, can be utilized for eco-environmental protection. Wastewater collection systems are under-perfect. Traditional wastewater treatment technology for AR treatment will have large difficulty for water collection. It also needs sophisticated maintenance and management, high investment and high running cost. CW has strong impact load resistant capability, low investment and running cost, easy maintenance and management, but has high land use requirement. Thus CW is suitable for wastewater treatment in rural with land available. Study and application of CW technology for AR treatment since 1982 were summarized in this paper. Some design and technology modification have been made based on combined water quality, water quantity regularity and characteristics of rural. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, insecticide and pesticide removal by CW were made by many researchers. Operation, maintenance and management of CW were focused on the accumulation of sediment, water budget, judge of removal efficiency, plant harvesting and cost analysis. The weigh of performance of CW, should be based on the inflow and outflow contaminants load but not on the inflow and outflow contaminants concentration. CW has sound application foreground for control of AR. CW Appropriately designed and managed can realize the non-cost performance or revenue-producing performance.