Soil environment is the important space for Oncomelania Snail propagating and its characteristics are closely related to Snail′s distribution in the hilly and mountainous district. Based on arranging rationally transects, plots and sample units in nine different land use types, soil environmental factors, vegetation characteristics and snail distribution patterns have been investigated systematically, and especially, the influences on the snail distribution have been studied which are derived from soil environmental factors. Firstly, among all land use types, snail has been only discovered in cultivated lands, wastelands, beaches and irrigation canal. The living snail frame occurrence rate shows the regularity of cultivated lands＞beaches＞irrigation canal＞wastelands, however, different regularity for living snail density is beaches ＞irrigation canal＞cultivated lands＞wastelands. Secondly, the difference between soil factors is not remarkable which one has snail existing and the other has no snail existing through one-way ANOVA, and K element in soil and soil mechanical composition which is less than 0.02-0.002mm have striking difference through multivariate ANOVA. Based on gray incidence analyzing the effect of soil environmental factors on snail distribution, thirdly, three most important factors have be picked out, which are soil mechanical composition that is less than 0.02-0.002mm, P element in soil and soil water content. There have the similar regularity for the importance of soil factors when they affect living snail frame occurrence rate and living snail density respectively except that K element in soil have more greater influences on living snail density than the former. These results could offer some scientific basis for transforming snail propagating environment, preventing schistosomiasis from prevailing and promoting regional economy.