In order to provide some basic foundation with revegetation, we need to deepen our understanding on the interactive effects of vegetation and soil. In this article, aboveground biomass, soil nutrition and moisture of 36 old-fields with different abandonment ages (from 2 to 45 years after abandonment), aboveground biomass of 4 typical old-fields, and growth characteristics of 7 predominant old-field species were measured. Changing pace, trend and relationship of community aboveground biomass and soil nutrition during secondary succession were evaluated; effects of soil nutrition on community aboveground biomass were analyzed using multianalysis and pathway analysis, and effects of aboveground biomass on soil nutrition were further discussed. The results show that: (1) Soil nutrition, including organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and active phosphorus, active potassium have the same changing pace and trends as the aboveground biomass does in the process of secondary succession, both decreased in earlier abandonment stage of succession, then increased subsequently. (2) If offered from the correlation of soil nutrients and abandonment ages, effects of vegetation on 0-20 cm organic matter, active phosphorus, 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm nitrate nitrogen nutrition are significant, while deduced from the correlation of soil nutrition and aboveground biomass, no significant effects were observed. Hereinbefore, aboveground biomass account for only a part of vegetation-soil nutrition effects. The effects of biomass to organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, active potassium and phosphorous are positive, ammonium nitrogen is negative. (3) Abandonment ages, total nitrogen, total potassium, active potassium and soil moisture fluctuation have direct positive effects on the aboveground biomass of old-field communities, abandonment and soil moisture fluctuation have more lager effects. Each ingredient of soil nutrition has relative small effect, among them total nitrogen have larger effects than total and active potassium. The changes of aboveground biomass of old-field communities during succession are caused mainly by the changes of coverage and ecological characteristics of community species (the relatively larger direct effects of abandonment ages), and secondly by the soil moisture fluctuation (the relative smaller indirect effect of abandonment ages through soil moisture). (4) As a dependent variable, underground biomass approach power function of soil depth, declines in deeper layer. The root shoot ration of community tends to increase in later succession stages, later sere species also have increasing tendency. These will influence the accumulation of biomass and decomposition of organic matter, and the vegetation-soil effects may be different.