A Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) system and root-isolation methods were used to study the effects of elevated atmospheric pCO₂ and nitrogen fertilisation on rhizospheric and soil respiration, determined by in situ IRGA (LI6400) measurements, during the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Yangmai 14) between 106 and 183 days after germination in a wheat/rice rotation system. The results showed that elevated atmospheric pCO₂ increased rhizospheric respiration rate and cumulative CO₂ emissions during the experimental period. Under high nitrogen fertilisation (HN) and low nitrogen fertilisation (LN) treatments, elevated atmospheric pCO₂ increased cumulative rhizospheric respiration by 117-0% and 90.8%, respectively. The proportion of cumulative rhizospheric respiration to cumulative soil respiration increased from 24.5% to 39.8% (LN) and 26.7% to 47.1% (HN). While nitrogen fertilisation did not significantly influence rhizospheric respiration, the interaction of elevated atmospheric pCO₂ and nitrogen fertilisation significantly increased rhizospheric respiration. The increase in rhizospheric and soil respiration under conditions of elevated atmospheric pCO₂ indicates that, under future higher CO₂ scenarios, C exchange between the atmosphere and soil will increase in arable ecosystems.