Lindane, due to its high efficiency, low cost and easy application, has been widely and frequently used for pest control on Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens in South China in the past. Field surveys in the selected sites of the moso bamboo forest located at Saxian, Fujian Province from 2001 to 2002 indicated that indiscriminate application of Lindane caused some phytophagous species becoming predominant and abundant in the target community. The number of these arthropods increased remarkably, and at the same time, the species diversity in the community decreased significantly. Specially, species in the categories of Araneae, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera reduced. Most of these missing species were predators, parasitoids or neutrals. Therefore, the potential impact of the herbivores’ natural enemies weakened. To some extent, this might lead to outbreak of the herbivores in the bamboo leaves. Consequently, it is advisable that an integrated pest management program be implemented with only infrequent use of Lindane for pest control in the bamboo forest.