In this paper, the chronosequence approach was adopted. Three sites were selected with pine（Pinus tabulaeformis）plantations along the restoration chronosequences (15a (PF15), 25a (PF25), 30a (PF30)), and native shrub communities (Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata, respectively, and Corylus heterophylla) were chosen as reference. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, N, and soil physico-chemical properties along the restoration chronosequences. In addition, the correlation between soil microbial properties and physico-chemical properties were examined. The results showed that the status of soil fertility in shrub community was significantly better than in pine plantation in early restoration stage; soil physico-chemical properties were gradually improved along the restoration chronosequences including the accumulation of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil clay content, soil moisture content and general declines in pH and bulk density. Soil microbial biomass C, N ranged from 155 to 885.64mg/kg, and 33.73-237.40mg/kg, respectively. Soil microbial biomass C, N declined significantly in early restoration stage compared with shrub communities, and increased with the extension of plant restoration. Although statistically significant correlations were not found between soil microbial biomass C, N and restoration chronosequences, soil microbial biomass C was positively related to soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, suggesting that soil microbial biomass was closely correlated with soil fertility and plant restoration could indirectly influence soil microbial biomass by improving soil nutrient. C_mic/TOC ranged from 1.38% to 4.75%, and declined gradually with plant restoration. Correlation analysis indicated that C_mic/TOC was negatively related to soil organic carbon and restoration chronosequences. The results suggested that changes in soil microbial biomass were related not only with the quantity, but also the quality of soil organic matter during plant restoration, and that plant restoration was critical for the improvement of soil physicochemical properties and microbial properties in pine plantations of Southwest China.