We investigated the vegetative carbon storage, its distributional pattern and relevant ecological issues in subtropical forests of the Central Jiangxi Province by transect-sampling method, with the help of the published allometric biomass models for trees and the harvesting method for shrubs and herbs. We sampled from the Qianyanzhou, Guanxi Village, Taihe County, Jiangxi Province to the Dajing Forestry Centre of the Jinggangshan City. The results showed that the most part of the carbon storage of a stand was allocated to tree layer and the carbon storage per unit area of tree layer scaled as the -0.0756 power of the tree density along the sampled transect. The carbon density of vegetation decreased linearly with increasing latitude, and so with increasing altitude in stands. There were no significant correlations between the carbon density and the Shannon-Wiener Species diversity index for each layer of stands.