By examining and analyzing the plant and quality characteristics in Taihu Lake Area, the results showd very significant difference among the quality characteristics of different resources. On the germplasm plant shape and ear characteristics all had distinct diversity, the plant high varied from 120.5cm to 160.5cm, and the total grain number of each ear varied from 69.9 to 144.0 grains per ear, the range of weight of a thousand seeds was 10.7g. On the quality characteristic, the change of head milled rice was between 50.05% to 77.05%, the average of chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree respectively was 48.31% and 5.36%, the change of amylase and protein content respectively was 128% to 25.8%, 7.55% to 14.55%, the average of them respectively was 17.5% and 9.42%. The distribution of different level of germplasm resources quantity in the mass was demonstrated following normal distribution, such as the plant high was mainly about 137cm, accounted for 41.7% of the total, the distribution of the total grain number of each ear was mainly in 92.3 to 110.0 grains each ear, accounted for 57.2%, weight of a thousand seeds was mainly between 27.0g to 28.0g, accounted for 41.7%. Both the plant and quality characteristic had the higher heredity diversity, the characteristic heredity multiple index of the ear of grain of characteristic, the quality characteristic and the plant shape were 2.02, 1.87 and1.54, respectively. 15 big ear of germplasm were pooled in germplasm resources material, the ear of grain number was more than 140 grains per ear, such as Tianxiadiyizhong, Qiangjindao, Wanmanzhong. And there were some small ear types which the ear of grain number was lower than 70 grains per ear, such as Baidiegu, Yingtoujing, Lüzhong and so on, there were 22 germplasms in which the amylose content was smaller or equal to 15%, such as tianjiqing and yefenghuang from Wujiang, also had some germplasm material of high amylose content, such as Aituzhong, Hongmangzhong, Muxiqiu and Yedao. The quantity of high quality processing, the appearance quality germplasm resources was less, two materials of Wanyangdao and Yefenghuang in Wujiang belonged to the germplasm resources having low amylose content, high quality of process and appearance quality.