The biosafety assessment of insect-resistant transgenic cotton is one of the most important issues in recent years.This paper introduced the popularization and application status of insect-resistant transgenic cotton,and the related biosafety assessment research was summarized, with emphasis on gene flow, insects resistance and management,effects on non-target insects,soil ecosystem and food safety assessment.Finally,was discussed the prospect of the biosafety assessment of insect-resistant transgenic cotton.