Restoring degraded ecosystem is an effective way for improving ecological security in region. Applying restoration measures, such as introducing suitable native species, is perhaps necessary under some environment, especially where the natural ecosystem function was seriously damaged. However, it is hard to monitor the ecological impacts and environmental influences of regional vegetation restoration immediately, a prediction on the regional vegetation restoration would be significant alternatively. In this paper, the ecological impacts of regional vegetation restoration were predicted in an arid valley of Minjiang River, SW China. The differences of biodiversity indices and vegetation coverage between the designed vegetation restoration pattern and the field data indicated that alpha and beta diversity indices were decreased in some parts of the region after vegetation restoration, however, vegetation coverage was reasonably increased, which would enhance the capability of soil and water preservation, thus could improve the ecological security of the region.