Global change has been concerned about worldwide because climate change characterized by global warming and atmospheric CO₂ enrichment is changing the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystem, and in turn threatening the human existence and health. Therefore, global change mitigation is one of the most essential scientific issues in climate change researches. As an important source, sink, and pool in global carbon cycle, forest plays an important role in mitigating global change. Soil carbon sequestration, storage and emission varied greatly with latitude, altitude, forest types, land-use and cover change (LUCC) and forest management. Forest soil will become a gigantic carbon source of atmospheric CO₂ when the forest was transformed into grassland or cropland. This implies that the functions of forest soil as carbon pool and sink increase, the function as carbon source decrease by improving the structure and function of forest ecosystem, and forest plantation increase the carbon stock and sink in terrestrial ecosystem. Consequently, soil carbon sequestration has led to a widespread interest in the role of forest soil carbon sink enhancement in global change mitigation, and more and more attentions were paid to the potential of soil carbon sequestration in forest plantation recently.Soil carbon sequestration by artificial forest has been considered as a “truly win-win strategy" and the most promising choice to decrease the rate of enrichment of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide by Lal, a famous soil scientist. Therefore, soil carbon sequestration potential of artificial forest is a key scientific issue of global change mitigation. However, soil carbon sequestration potential depends greatly on artificial forest management. Firstly, land use history determines the SOC stock and source in the early stage of artificial forest due to the differences of soil substrates. The soil with higher SOC stock maybe becomes a carbon source when establishing artificial forest. Secondly, the tree species composition in artificial forest influences the carbon storage and the potential for carbon sequestration by controlling litter the quantity, chemical composition, organic carbon input, and by regulating microclimate and soil microbial activity. Artificial forest with well structure may enhance the potential of soil carbon sequestration and increase the carbon stocks in soil. Thirdly, site preparation is an important perturbation that can affect soil carbon stock and carbon source for a long period after the event due to changes in soil structure. A careful site preparation can enhance greatly soil carbon stock by increasing organic matter inputs. Harvesting can decrease sharply soil carbon stock mainly resulting from decreasing the organic carbon input and altering soil water and temperature regimes that accelerate decomposition rate of organic matter. The effect of fertilization on soil carbon sink and source remains uncertain. The results about the responses of soil carbon sequestration to global warming and atmospheric CO2 enrichment are still uncertain due to the simultaneous increases of organic carbon input by litter and output by microbial respiration. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment may increase the soil carbon sink and pool through the positive impact on NPP because of CO2 fertilization. However, the increment effect by CO2 fertilization will be counteracted by negative effects related to global warming. Briefly, there remains to be uncertainty about the responses of forest soil carbon sink to global change.As described above, it is doubtless that artificial forest, especially forest soil, acts as an important carbon sink and pool in global change, increase the terrestrial carbon sink, and mitigate global change although the changes of soil carbon sequestration still remain uncertain. Therefore, it is very important to deeply study soil carbon sequestration potential in artificial forest and its role in mitigating global change in the future. Based on the ecological significance of artificial forest soil and the uncertainty in global change effects, further studies for global change mitigation and adaptation should pay more attention to the following fields: (1) to clarify the formation mechanism of soil carbon sink and its enhancement technologies, (2) to enhance the carbon sequestration potential and carbon stock through improving the forest management level, which is an important strategy to mitigate global change, (3) to conduct an intensive study of carbon flux among atmosphere, vegetation and soil in man-made forest, and (4) to develop the strategies suitable for carbon trade of soil carbon sequestration by artificial forest.