In order to reveal the spatial difference of water and salt in saline grassland under grazing and exclosure, we have chosen three transects (770m, grazing; 370m, grazing; 240m, exclosure) in two grasslands, which have similar topography in the low terrace of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Soil moisture and conductivity were sampled at 10 meter intervals along each transect by a portable WET Sensor for two soil layers (0-10cm，10-20cm). And in each soil layer, we got 78, 38 and 25 soil moisture and salt content data all severally from three transects. The coefficient of variation (Cv) and the significance of correlation coefficient of the water and salt in surface soil layer were greater than those of the deeper soil layer; the Cv of the water moisture is lower than that of the salt content, but the correlation coefficient is higher in the surface layer. The correlation of the soil moisture and salt content is higher under grazing, and the variance is lower. Spatial autocorrelation of soil water and salt is medium or strong. In the exclosure where the stochastic factor is stronger, the difference of the spatial correlation scale of the soil water and salt is lower. Under grazing, the difference is greater. Continuous grazing is a factor that impacts on the spatial distribution and weakens the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and salt content in saline grassland. In the exclosure the distribution of halophytes has a strong effect. While in grazed grassland the distribution of halophytes and soil structure are changed by browsing and trampling of livestock. This has a big impact as both the content of soil water and salt concentration in grazed grassland trends to increase.