Alternanthera philoxeroides is regarded as one of the worst weeds in China because of its invasiveness, potential for spreading, and economic and environmental impacts. It is a especially troublesome weed and invades both land and water, and it is very difficult to control. When growing on land it displaces other more favorable plants such as crops or native vegetation, and can be harmful to animals. When growing in fresh water, it can cover the entire water surface. Weed mats can also reduce oxygen exchange, affecting water plants and animals and reducing water quality. A successful invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides not only depends on its bio-ecological of invasion, but also concerns the lack of nature control very nearly. The study on the invasive mechanism of Alternanthera philoxeroides will be beneficial for the prediction and management of this weed．Alternanthera philoxeroides grows and spreads quickly and does great harm to plant and animal in China due not only to its adaptability in morphologic and physiological, to its strong progenitive and rival capability, but also to the absence of natural controlled mechanisms. Alternanthera philoxeroides threatened the production and life of local people, did a lot of damage to the ecological systems, and affected the biodiversity．The mechanisms of Alternanthera philoxeroide spreading rapidly in China were their strong reproductive ability，adaptation and resistance，along with strong competitive ability and specific character，also with the resistance to barrenness and pollution and short of local competently competitive organisms or natural enemies. The anatomical structure of the organ of Alternanthera philoxeroides has both terrestrial characters and aquatic characters and the direction to which it is to develop will be determined by the water conditions in its habitats. The morphologic, physiological, progenitive adaptability of Alternanthera philoxeroides are reviewed in this paper. Main research direction in genetic foundation of adaptability and invasion mechanisms of Alternanthera philoxeroides in China is pointed out. And the study on the heredity structure of alligator weed should be combined with its adaptability and phenotype plasticity in China, which be propitious to identify the essence of successful invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides. In terms of integrated control and utilization countermeasure, five aspects advanced in the paper are as follows: (1) it is principal to completely realize the distribution and harms of Alternanthera philoxeroides in China and collect correlative information; (2) it is essential to shut off the invasion approaches of alligator weed; (3) it is one of the effective measures to correctly choose biological and chemical herbicide and reduce secondary pollution; (4) natural enemies may be introduced or bred; (5) the study on the innoxious utilization of Alternanthera philoxeroides is probably effective control strategies. For example, study on decomposed water Alternanthera philoxeroides to be used as basal manure for crops should be carried out, and the technology of the weeds to be used as the material to produce the edible fungi and used as herbal medicine should be studied. The study on invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides has already drawn scientists’ attention now. So the paper is very important to summarize the past results, and the management approaches and strategies of Alternanthera philoxeroides suggested in this paper are also used for references.