This paper summarized the comprehensive 5-year-survey of the ectomycorrhizal resources and their ecological characteristics for the major forested areas in Daqingshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia. Preliminary results obtained using either the fruit body identification in the field or culture inoculation in the laboratory suggest that there are 163 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Daqingshan Mountain. These 163 species, approximately comprising 26.6% of all the ectomycorrhizal species reported in China, belong to 18 families and 41 genera. In this survey, 54 species were first time reported for this region, approximately comprising 33% of all the ectomycorrhizal species reported in Deqingshan Mountain and 5 species were not identifiable at the species-level. These ectomycorrhizal fungi predominantly grow in the soil rich in organic matter, canopy closure of 0.7～0.9, altitude of 1300～1900 m, and the in the north-facing slope of 20～40°. Analysis of the soil physical and chemical properties indicates that the existence of ecomycorrhizal fungi significantly lowers soil pH, and enhances the total N content, but has no apparent enhancing effect on the soil total P and K contents. By contrast, the existence of ectomycorrhizal fungi significantly increases the availability of labile N, P and K, especially that of K. Additional analysis shows that (1)the host tree species for Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae, Cortinariaceae and Amanitaceae are Betula platyphylla Suks., Populus davidiana Dode., Picea asperata Mast., Quercus mongolica (Fisch.)Turcz., and Ostryopsis davidiana Decne; and (2) the host tree species for Boletaceae mainly are Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr., Picea asperata Mast., Betula platyphylla Suks., and Ostryopsis davidiana Decne.