Most avian migration is consisted of migratory flights and stopover.Fuel is consumed during the former and deposited during the later period.Avian migrants are adapted to the frequent alternations between energy consumption and deposition.This paper reviewed the studies of the energetic ecology of migratory birds during stopover periods focusing on the rate of energy deposition,patterns of body mass change and phenotypic plasticity of digestive organs.Future research directions of the physiological ecology ...