Eight common Chinese cruciferous weeds were grown in pairs with the glyphosate-tolerant GM rapeseed variety Q3. The frequency of gene flow from the herbicide-tolerant GM rapeseed to these cruciferous weeds was studied under either natural or manual pollination conditions. This study is to provide scientific evidence for the evaluation of the ecological safety of growing herbicide-tolerant GM rapeseed. Firstly, we studied the gene flow from glyphosate-tolerant GM rapeseed to cruciferous weeds under natural...