Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) are distributed in the intertidal and subtidal zones of the coasted areas, being major contributors to primary productivity in these habitats. Although studies of benthic seaweeds have made essential contributions to ecological theory, attention has focused primarily upon adult interactions, and relative little attention is paid on the early stage of life history in seaweeds. One major cause is due to the technical difficult for research. However, new approaches and methods prod...