There is controversy about the means of environmental risk assessment and management of transgenic crops because of the speed and quantity of these cr ops being planted, particularly those containing genes to produce the insecticid al toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Most research on Bt crops has foc used on invasiveness, gene flow to indigenous organisms, development of resistance i n target pests, and direct or indirect effects on non-target organisms and ecos y stems. However, after the commerci...