Lifespan differs radically among organisms ever lived on earth,even among those roughly similar in size,shape,form,and physiology.These differences have attracted intensive invrestigations.However,most early studies have been focusing on the links between genes,caloric restriction,medicine,and animal lifespan,especially human lifespan.Few studies have examined the role of environmental factors and increasing human activities on animal lifespan.Yet,emerging evidence shows strong direct and indirect effects o...