Effects of low temperature stress on lipid peroxidation, membrane and chlorophyll stability, and catalase (CAT) activity and carotenoid content were evaluated under laboratory freezing tests (3℃, -2℃ and -10℃ for 0.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12h, respectively), for possible use as cold hardiness selection criteria, in detached leaves of two almond cultivars (‘NePlus' and ‘Nonpareil', differing in cold tolerance). The application of moderate chilling treatment (3℃ within 9h) to almond leaves had significantly elevated ...