Carps were exposed to copper adsorbed on kaolin at various conditions. Both particle size of kaolin and pH level were examined for their influences on the copper speciation and bioavailability. The fish was exposed to copper adsorbed on kaolin of various sizes (150, 200,300,400 meshes) at a fixed pH level of 7.53. Exposure experiment was also conducted at various pH levels (5.60, 6.95, 7.20, 7.53) with identical kaolin particle size of 400 meshes. The accumulation of copper on the fish gills was measured us...