Several physiological and morphological responses to flooding of the seedlings of C.operculatu were studied.The seedlings of C.operculatu were survived and maintained certain net photosynthetic rate and growth rate in humid or drowned conditions,and survived 60 days of complete submersion.Adaptations of the seedlings of C.operculatu to flooding were indicated by(1) formation of hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots (AR) on the submerged stem,(2)higher vigor of AR system than that of nor...