Plants suffer high mortality in the seedling stage of life history.The experiments of drought and simulated defoliation were conducted to examine the ecological responses of seedlings in Quercus liaotungensis. The results showed that(1)drought significantly decreased the single leaf area,leaf area ratio,leaf weight ratio,and individual biomass of seedlings.The root weight ratio was significantly higher than the control;(2)the number of leaves,leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio were significantly high...