海洋类型国家公园生态产品价值实现路径与机制研究——以长岛国家公园创建区为例
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1.中国海洋大学管理学院;2.青岛理工大学建筑与城乡规划学院;3.长岛国家海洋公园管理中心;4.蓝智海洋生态技术研究中心

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山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2022MD089);国家社科基金重大项目(16ZDA049);山东省社科规划项目(18CLYJ59)


Paths and mechanisms for realizing the eco-product value of marine national parks: A case study of Changdao National Park
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1.Management School, Ocean University of China;2.College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology;3.Changdao National Marine Park Management Center;4.LANDS &5.Ocean Ecological Technology Research Center

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    摘要:

    国家公园是生物多样性和生态系统功能保护的关键区域,肩负促进人与自然和谐共生的重要任务。海洋类型国家公园是国家公园体系的重要组成部分,海洋生态资源丰富,是海洋生态产品价值实现的先行区。海洋类型国家公园生态产品价值实现对于推动海洋生态文明建设,将海洋生态优势转化为经济优势,满足人民对优质海洋生态产品的需要至关重要。当前,国际上关于海洋类型国家公园的研究方兴未艾,研究视角从生态环境保护逐渐拓展到了公园规划管理和相关利益者协作方面,广泛认同海洋类型国家公园生态服务价值。我国的海洋类型国家公园建设刚刚起步,研究主要集中在概念解析、建设背景、生态保护意义和国外建设经验借鉴方面,对于海洋类型国家公园生态价值的认知不足,如何更好的发挥海洋类型国家公园的功能,协调保护和发展的矛盾,仍需深入研究。长岛是海洋类型国家公园的典型代表,生态资源优势突出。本研究以长岛国家公园创建区为例,探索海洋类型国家公园生态产品价值实现路径与机制,旨在缓和生态保护和经济发展间的实际矛盾,实现优质海洋生态产品的持续有效供给。研究依据联合国的千年生态系统评估(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, MA)分类标准,结合长岛国家公园实际情况,构建生态产品分类体系,将生态产品分为供给服务产品、调节服务产品和文化服务产品三类。基于劳动价值论和效用价值论分析长岛国家公园试点生态产品的价值构成。针对各类生态产品价值的特点,提出长岛国家公园生态产品价值实现路径,包括生态保护补偿路径、生态产品溢价路径、自然资源碳汇交易、生态旅游路径和环境教育路径;归纳了包括生态产品调查监测机制、保护补偿机制、经营开发机制和保障机制在内的长岛国家公园生态产品价值实现机制。

    Abstract:

    National parks have a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity and ecological functioning, while also fostering the healthy coexistence of humans and nature. Marine national parks are integral components of the national park system, abundant in marine biological resources, and serve as a pioneering region for recognizing the worth of marine ecological products. The recognition of the significance of marine ecological products within marine national parks is essential for advancing the development of marine ecological civilization, converting marine ecological benefits into economic benefits, and satisfying the public's demand for top-notch marine ecological products. Currently, research on marine national parks is burgeoning internationally, with scholarly perspectives expanding from ecological conservation to encompass park planning, management, and collaboration among relevant stakeholders. There is widespread recognition of the ecological service value provided by marine national parks. In China, the development of marine national parks is in its nascent stages, and research primarily focuses on conceptual analysis, construction background, ecological conservation significance, and drawing on foreign construction experiences. However, there is inadequate understanding of the ecological value of marine national parks and further research is required to explore how to better harness the functionality of such parks, as well as to reconcile the conflicts between conservation and development. Changdao exemplifies the characteristics of marine national parks, including exceptional natural resources. This study investigates the process and mechanism of achieving the value of ecological products in marine national parks, using the Marine Ecological Civilization Comprehensive Experimental Area of Changdao as a case study. The aim is to address the practical conflict between ecological preservation and economic growth, and to achieve a sustainable and efficient provision of high-quality marine ecological products. The study develops a categorization system for ecological products in Changdao National Park, based on the MA classification standard and the park's current conditions. The system categorizes ecological products into three types: supply service products, regulatory service products, and cultural service products. An analysis is conducted on the value composition of the pilot ecological products of Changdao National Park, using the labor theory of value and utility theory of value. The proposal outlines several approaches to realize the value of ecological products in Changdao National Park, taking into account their various characteristics. These approaches include ecological protection compensation, ecological product premiums, natural resource carbon trading, ecotourism, and environmental education. Additionally, the proposal summarizes the mechanisms needed to achieve the value of ecological products in the park. These mechanisms include an ecological product investigation and monitoring mechanism, a protection and compensation mechanism, an operation and development mechanism, and a safeguard mechanism.

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