基于生态敏感性评价的公路交通优化策略研究—以海南热带雨林国家公园为例
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1.巫山县精益诚工程勘察设计有限公司;2.海南省国土空间规划设计院有限公司;3.中规院(北京)规划设计有限公司海南分公司

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Research on Highway Traffic Optimization Strategies Based on Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation —— Taking Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park as an example
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1.Wushan County Jingyicheng Engineering Survey and Design Co., Ltd;2.Hainan Provincial National Land Spatial Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd;3.Caupd Planning &4.Design Consultants co., ltd., Hainan Branch

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    摘要:

    公路交通严重威胁沿线野生动物迁徙安全。我国公路生态学理论研究和相关规范尚处于起步阶段,对公路工程设计指导性不高。海南热带雨林国家公园在何处采用何种交通措施,从而满足民生发展和生态保护需求,是其当下面临的难题。在公路选线既定的前提下,依托ArcGIS空间分析技术,论述选取合适的生态敏感性因子指标,分析海南热带雨林国家公园生态敏感性,阐述各等级公路穿越不同生态敏感区的六类应对策略。面向生态保护的公路交通策略包含立体和平面,线型和点状,硬件和软件多维度,建议海南热带雨林国家公园内设置隧道3座,桥梁7座,沿线修建横跨生态桥涵通道的路段不低于27km,沿线修建围挡设施的路段不低于29km。突破微观点状建设横跨动物通道的传统工程做法,以面带线宏观系统考虑动物迁徙生态廊道。探索在生态保护和公路交通之间的空缺领域架起桥梁,降低高速公路穿越国家公园的生态风险。

    Abstract:

    Highway traffic poses a severe threat to the safety of migratory wildlife along its routes. For Chinese highway ecology, related theoretical research and regulations are still in their infancy, offering limited guidance for highway engineering design. The current challenge faced by the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is determining where and how to implement transportation measures, in order to satisfy requirements for both livelihood development and ecological conservation. Given the predetermined highway routing, this paper relies on ArcGIS spatial analysis technology to discuss the selection of applicable ecological sensitivity factor indicators, analyze the ecological sensitivity of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, and describe six response strategies for highways of different levels crossing various ecologically sensitive zones. Ecologically protective highway traffic strategies involve multiple dimensions, including three-dimensional and two-dimensional, line and point, as well as hardware and software. It is suggested that three tunnels and seven bridges should be built, with no less than 27 kilometers of road segment for the construction of cross-ecological bridge culverts and no less than 29 kilometers of road segment for the construction of enclosure facilities along the routes. This paper transcends traditional engineering practice of micro-point construction across animal passages. Instead, it adopts a comprehensive and consistent macroscopic approach by considering animal migration ecological corridors as integrated systems. This aims to explore the uncharted realms between ecological conservation and highway traffic and reduce the ecological risks associated with crossing national parks on highways.

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