Insects are one of the most abundant biological groups on the earth and play a very important role in biodiversity in terms of individual number, biomass, species number, and gene number. However, insect groups are currently under serious threat from factors such as habitat loss, global climate change and human activities. Although natural protected areas centering on national parks have played a prominent role in protecting many vertebrate species from anthropogenic threats, the importance of insect diversity and its ecological functions has rarely been widely considered in the development of conservation and management strategies in natural protected areas in the past. At present, our natural protection land system has made remarkable development, but it has not established relevant monitoring and evaluation standard for insect groups or functional groups. Solitary bees and wasps are important hymenopteran insects. It plays an important ecosystem function in plant pollination, seed dispersal, population regulation, ecological control of pests, or as food for other animals, and also plays an important role in the food chain and food web, and promotes nutrient circulation and energy flow, and is also as an indicator species for ecosystem health assessment. Trap-nesting technology is a biological sample collection and investigation system made up of empty plant stems placed by human to monitor insects. The system attracts solitary bees and wasps to build a nest, store food, lay eggs and breed offspring, and obtains a large number of biological samples and information of these insects and their food, parasitism and predator from the nest tubes. Based on the literature research and the years of practical field experience in Chebaling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province, this study proposed for the first time the protocols and technical specification for artificial nest tube monitoring and assessment of insect diversity and function in natural protected areas, and defined the relevant indicators and technical methods for monitoring and assessment of solitary bee and wasp diversity and function. Furthermore, this study evaluated the monitoring of solitary bees and wasps in Chebaling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province, including cataloguing species, analyzing their richness and grid occupancy, and mapping the spatial distributions of species richness and population abundance of keystone species. The results show that the trap-nesting technology combined with morphological classification and DNA barcoding technology provides a scientific method for the investigation, monitoring and evaluation of the diversity and function of solitary bees and wasps, and is expected to provide a standardized technical specification for the monitoring of insect diversity and function in natural protected areas centering on national parks.