The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is the only national park in the tropics and has the highest biological diversity among China's first batch of national parks. Biodiversity conservation is an essential task in constructing the national park, but the vibrant species in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park have brought challenges to the conservation work. In the context of the uneven distribution of biodiversity resources, different levels of threats, and limited human and financial resources, prioritizing biodiversity conservation is an effective way to mitigate the current loss of biodiversity. To carry out orderly biodiversity protection and promote the construction of national parks, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has taken the lead in China in carrying out the selection of a priority protected species list. We drew up the Checklist of Priority Protected Species in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, including vertebrates, plants, and macrofungi. This paper will summarize the main contents and drafting methods of the list, clarify the critical role, and demonstrate the significance of the list for the construction of national parks and biodiversity conservation. It provides a Hainan sample for constructing national parks in China and even the world.