The ecological disaster of karst rocky desertification in the karst area of southwestern China has severely restricted the economic and social development. To control karst rocky desertification, accurate extraction of its spatial distribution information is indispensable. We consider the problems of inaccurate extraction of impossible to develop karst rocky desertification (IKRD) range, less analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of karst rocky desertification, complicated driving factors and characterization factors, which exist in the existing technology of karst rocky desertification information extraction. This paper takes the typical karst basin-Houzhai River Basin as the research area. We extracted IKRD range based on high resolution image and using fractional vegetation coverage and rock exposure rate to accurately extract karst rocky desertification information from the study area. We want to reveal the evolution law of different karst rocky desertification levels in this area, and prove the correlation between the distribution of karst rocky desertification and the distribution of surface albedo and slope. The results showed that:(1) from 2005 to 2010, the karst rocky desertification of Houzhai River Basin as a whole has deteriorated. Few central parts of the southwestern has been alleviated, while the rest of the area has not changed. However, most areas of karst rocky desertification in the Houzhai River Basin have been alleviated from 2010 to 2015, and the degree of karst rocky desertification has been reduced significantly, which was more evident in most areas of the southern part in the Houzhai River, and the intensity was relatively high. (2) From 2005 to 2010, the area of karst rocky desertification with alleviated, unchanged, and aggravated were 4.23 km², 25.74 km² and 20.81 km², accounting for about 8.3%, 50.7%, and 41.0%, respectively. (3) From 2010 to 2015, the area of karst rocky desertification with alleviated, unchanged, and aggravated were 31.87 km², 16.57 km² and 6.85 km², accounting for about 57.6%, 30.0% and 12.4%, respectively. (4) The slope and surface albedo of karst rocky desertification area were mainly concentrated between 2°-22° and 0.12-0.21. With the increase of slope, the proportion of potential karst rocky desertification, and severe karst rocky desertification increases, the proportion of light karst rocky desertification and moderate karst rocky desertification decreased. With the increase of surface albedo, the proportion of potential karst rocky desertification and light karst rocky desertification increased, and the proportion of severe karst rocky desertification decreased. In summary, from 2005 to 2015, the evolution of karst rocky desertification in Houzhai River Basin was firstly deteriorated and then alleviated due to the implementation of comprehensive karst rocky desertification control projects such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands in Guizhou Province from 2008 to 2010. At the same time, the correlation analysis between the distribution of karst rocky desertification and the distribution of the surface albedo slope showed that the surface albedo and slope could be used as auxiliary characterization factors and driving factors to karst rocky desertification research.