The survival of populations of the pioneer species Pinus massoniana is a key precondition for controlling soil and water loss in red soil erosion and degradation areas in southern China. Based on studies conducted in degenerating Pinus massoniana forest plot on the eroded land, the age structure of the population was established, a static life table was compiled, survival curves and the survival analysis function were constructed, and a time-sequence forecasting model was applied to evaluate the characteristics of Pinus massoniana population dynamics under habitat stress. The age structure of the Pinus massoniana population was pyramid type with a wider bottom and narrow top. Young individuals were abundant, with a low renewal survival rate of deposit, and there were fewer middle-aged and older individuals; the growth rate of the population was low. Death occurred at all life cycle stages, and the survival curve was a Deevey-Ⅱ type, which indicates that the population fits in the habitat but is sensitive to environmental disturbances. The instabilities of population was in young and middle-age, while the death density of the newborn seedlings and the middle-aged individuals were high during the population growth process. The time-sequence model demonstrated that the number of adult individuals would increase as the whole population is growing. We suggest appropriate artificial measures to promote survival of the young and middle-aged individuals, in order to facilitate the continued ecological benefits of Pinus massoniana.