In this study, spatial structure parameters such as uniform angle index, size ratio, and mingling degree which based on the nearest four adjacent tree structure unit were used to analyze the spatial structure characteristics of the evergreen broad-leaved forest community in the Wuyi Mountains; this analysis was based on the examination of the tree layer of a community in a 9.6hm² dynamic forest plot. This analysis method eliminated the influence of the mesoscale effect, unlike traditional analysis patterns. This method was also more convenient, because accurate distribution information could be obtained merely by investigating the angle between adjacent trees. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of the tree layer in the forest dynamics plot was largely predominated by random distribution and accompanied by slightly clustered distribution; high species heterogeneity was present in the forest dynamic plot as indicated by the high mingling degree of tree species; and the dominance index of the tree species was uneven as indicated by different size ratios for different tree species. The whole forest was in a moderate state of growth. The spatial structure characteristics of this plot represented a slightly aggregated distribution. Analysis of the three spatial structure parameters of the top 10 dominant tree species in the plot revealed that the dominant species all showed aggregated distribution and had a high mingling degree. For these 10 dominant species, heliophiles such as Schima superba and Castanopsis eyrie had certain growth advantages in the upper tree layer, while sciophiles such as Syzygium buxifolium and Eurya muricata propagated widely in the lower tree layer with the passage of time, and occupied favorable positions, leading to continuous changes in the micro-environment of the plot. This changing structure of the distribution not only improved the mingling degree of species, but also greatly increased species diversity, which contributed to the formation of a more stable dynamic community structure in this region. Moreover, young and mid-aged trees were predominantly distributed in this 9.6hm² evergreen broad-leaved forest; this might suggest that the plot was in the middle or later stages of succession. Finally, only the uniform angle index was significantly and negatively correlated with mingling degree, indicating that the higher the mingling degree of tree species, the greater the species diversity, and therefore the more dense the spatial distribution of tree species. To understand succession in evergreen broad-leaved forests, we should continue to strengthen community investigations and monitoring of this area in future.