The slow decomposition rate of Pinus massoniana litter is an important problem that results in the nutrient imbalance of soil of P. massoniana forests. Accelerating the nutrient return rate to soil is considered to be an efficient measure to maintain the stability of soil productivity and sustainable management. The aim of this study was to observe the chemical quality change of litter and decomposition rate by altering the decomposition conditions and to assess the effect of different additives on the decomposition rate of P. massoniana litter in field. The regulation factors were microbial inoculants (fungus 1 or microorganisms 1 or microorganisms 2), surface-active agents(Tween 80 or OP-10), carbon and different forms of nitrogen nutrient solution(NaNO₃ or urea or NH₄Cl) and organic fertilizer(chicken manure or oil cake). The experiment was designed using the orthogonal test method of L₉(3⁴). The results indicated that the decomposition rate of P. massoniana litter was influenced significantly by organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants and was fastest under the combined treatment of microorganisms 2 and chicken manure. Under natural conditions, nitrogen and phosphorus would be relatively concentrated in the debris, whereas the ratios of C/N, C/P, lignin/N (L/N) and lignin/P (L/P) would decrease with the decomposition process; this is helpful in terms of accelerating the decomposition rate. Based on this principle, additives could speed up this process according to this principle. The effects of the different additives varied considerably. After the addition of organic fertilizer, the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous were raised, and the ratios of C/N, C/P, lignin/N (L/N) and lignin/P (L/P) were reduced. The addition of microbial inoculants resulted in lower C/P and L/P ratios; surface-active agents could help lower the L/N ratio of debris. The litter decomposition rate in all control treatments positively correlated with N concentration and negatively with the C/N ratio, and the leaf litter decomposition rate was not obviously related to its P content, L/N ratio, C/P ratio, and L/P ratio. Under artificial control, the decomposition rate can be affected by changing the litter chemical quality; the N content and C/N ratio were the main factors involved in regulating litter decomposition. The results of the study will provide the theoretical basis and technical support for P. massoniana forest resource management.